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Born Again by the Holy Spirit

Written By miércoles, 16 de marzo de 2022 Add Comment Edit

Religious concept with varied meanings

In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, besides known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine forcefulness, quality, and influence of God over the universe or over his creatures. In Nicene Christianity, the Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity. In Islam, the Holy Spirit acts as an amanuensis of divine action or communication. In the Baha'i Faith the Holy Spirit is seen equally the intermediary between God and man and "the outpouring grace of God and the effulgent rays that emanate from His Manifestation."[ane]

Comparative religion [edit]

The Hebrew Bible contains the term "spirit of God" (ruach hakodesh) in the sense of the might of a unitary God.[ commendation needed ] This significant is unlike from the Christian concept of the Holy Spirit as i person of the Trinity.[2]

The Christian concept tends to emphasize the moral aspect of the Holy Spirit more Judaism, evident in the epithet Holy Spirit that appeared in Jewish religious writings merely relatively late but was a mutual expression in the Christian New Attestation.[3] Based on the Old Attestation, the volume of Acts emphasizes the power of ministry attribute of the Holy Spirit.[iv]

According to theologian Rudolf Bultmann, there are ii ways to call back about the Holy Spirit: "animistic" and "dynamistic". In animistic thinking, it is "an independent agent, a personal power which like a demon tin can fall upon a man and accept possession of him, enabling him or compelling him to perform manifestations of power" while in dynamistic thought it "appears as an impersonal strength which fills a man like a fluid".[5] Both kinds of thought appear in Jewish and Christian scripture, but animistic is more than typical of the Old Attestation whereas dynamistic is more mutual in the New Testament.[6] The distinction coincides with the Holy Spirit every bit either a temporary or permanent gift. In the One-time Testament and Jewish thought, it is primarily temporary with a specific situation or task in heed, whereas in the Christian concept the gift resides in persons permanently.[7]

On the surface, the Holy Spirit appears to have an equivalent in non-Abrahamic Hellenistic mystery religions. These religions included a distinction betwixt the spirit and psyche, which is also seen in the Pauline epistles. Co-ordinate to proponents of the History of religions school, the Christian concept of the Holy Spirit cannot be explained from Jewish ideas alone without reference to the Hellenistic religions.[8] And according to theologian Erik Konsmo, the views "are so dissimilar that the just legitimate connexion i tin can make is with the Greek term πνεῦμα [pneuma, Spirit] itself".[9]

Some other link with ancient Greek idea is the Stoic idea of the spirit equally anima mundi – or globe soul – that unites all people.[9] Some believe that this can be seen in Paul's formulation of the concept of the Holy Spirit that unites Christians in Jesus Christ and love for one another, merely Konsmo once more thinks that this position is difficult to maintain.[10] In his Introduction to the 1964 book Meditations, the Anglican priest Maxwell Staniforth wrote:

Another Stoic concept which offered inspiration to the Church was that of "divine Spirit". Cleanthes, wishing to give more than explicit meaning to Zeno's "artistic fire", had been the first to striking upon the term pneuma, or "spirit", to describe it. Similar fire, this intelligent "spirit" was imagined equally a tenuous substance akin to a current of air or breath, just substantially possessing the quality of warmth; it was immanent in the universe as God, and in man every bit the soul and life-giving principle. Clearly it is not a long step from this to the "Holy Spirit" of Christian theology, the "Lord and Giver of life", visibly manifested as tongues of burn down at Pentecost and e'er since associated – in the Christian as in the Stoic heed – with the ideas of vital fire and beneficent warmth.[11]

Abrahamic religions [edit]

Judaism [edit]

The Hebrew linguistic communication phrase ruach ha-kodesh (Hebrew: רוח הקודש, "holy spirit" also transliterated ruacḥ ha-qodesh) is used in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish writings to refer to the spirit of YHWH (רוח יהוה).[12] The Hebrew terms ruacḥ qodshəka, "thy holy spirit" (רוּחַ קָדְשְׁךָ), and ruacḥ qodshō, "his holy spirit" (רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ), likewise occur (when a possessive suffix is added the definite article ha is dropped).

The Holy Spirit in Judaism generally refers to the divine aspect of prophecy and wisdom. It likewise refers to the divine force, quality, and influence of the Most Loftier God, over the universe or over his creatures, in given contexts.[thirteen]

Christianity [edit]

For the large majority of Christians, the Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost, from Erstwhile English gast, "spirit") is the tertiary[14] person of the Trinity: The "Triune God" manifested equally Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; each Person existence God.[15] [16] [17] Two symbols from the New Testament canon are associated with the Holy Spirit in Christian iconography: a winged dove, and tongues of burn down.[18] [xix] Each depiction of the Holy Spirit arose from different accounts in the Gospel narratives; the get-go beingness at the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River where the Holy Spirit was said to descend in the form of a pigeon as the voice of God the Male parent spoke as described in Matthew, Marker, and Luke;[18] the 2d being from the solar day of Pentecost, fifty days after Easter where the descent of the Holy Spirit came upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ, as tongues of burn down every bit described in the Acts of the Apostles,[xx] equally promised by Jesus in his farewell discourse.[21] [22] Called "the unveiled epiphany of God",[23] the Holy Spirit is the One who empowers the followers of Jesus with spiritual gifts[24] [25] and power[26] [27] that enables the proclamation of Jesus Christ, and the power that brings conviction of faith.[28]

  • A delineation of the Trinity consisting of God the Holy Spirit along with God the Father and God the Son

  • Pentecost icon depicting the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and Mary in the form of tongues of flame above their heads

Islam [edit]

The Holy Spirit (Arabic: روح القدس Ruh al-Qudus, "the Spirit of Holiness") is mentioned 4 times in the Qur'an,[29] where information technology acts as an agent of divine action or communication. The Muslim interpretation of the Holy Spirit is generally consistent with other interpretations based upon the Old and the New Testaments. On the basis of narrations in certain Hadith some Muslims identify information technology with the angel Gabriel (Standard arabic Jibrāʾīl).[30] The Spirit (الروح al-Ruh, without the adjective "holy" or "exalted") is described, amongst other things, as the artistic spirit from God by which God enlivened Adam, and which inspired in various means God'southward messengers and prophets, including Jesus and Abraham. The belief in a "Holy Trinity", according to the Qur'an, is forbidden and deemed to exist blasphemy. The same prohibition applies to whatever idea of the duality of God (Allah).[31] [32]

Baháʼí Faith [edit]

The Baháʼí Faith has the concept of the Most Great Spirit, seen as the compensation of God.[33] It is usually used to describe the descent of the Spirit of God upon the messengers/prophets of God who include, amid others, Jesus, Muhammad and Bahá'u'lláh.[34]

In Baháʼí belief, the Holy Spirit is the conduit through which the wisdom of God becomes directly associated with his messenger, and it has been described variously in different religions such every bit the called-for bush to Moses, the sacred fire to Zoroaster, the dove to Jesus, the affections Gabriel to Muhammad, and the Maid of Heaven to Bahá'u'lláh (founder of the Baháʼí Faith).[35] The Baháʼí view rejects the idea that the Holy Spirit is a partner to God in the Godhead, only rather is the pure essence of God's attributes.[36]

Other religions [edit]

Hinduism [edit]

The Hindu concept of Advaita is linked to the Trinity and has been briefly explained by Raimon Panikkar. He states that the Holy Spirit, as one of the Three Persons of the Trinity of "father, Logos and Holy Spirit", is a bridge builder between Christianity and Hinduism. He explains that: "The meeting of spiritualistic tin take place in the Spirit. No new 'arrangement' has primarily to come of this run across, but a new and yet quondam spirit must emerge."[37] Atman is Vedic terminology elaborated in Hindu scriptures such every bit Upanishads and Vedanta signifies the Ultimate Reality and Absolute.[38]

Zoroastrianism [edit]

In Zoroastrianism, the Holy Spirit, as well known as Spenta Mainyu, is a hypostasis of Ahura Mazda, the supreme Creator God of Zoroastrianism; the Holy Spirit is seen equally the source of all goodness in the universe, the spark of all life inside humanity, and is the ultimate guide for humanity to righteousness and communion with God. The Holy Spirit is put in straight opposition to its eternal dual counterpart, Angra Mainyu, who is the source of all wickedness and who leads humanity astray.[39]

Gnosticism [edit]

The aboriginal Gnostic text known as the Hush-hush Book of John refers to the supreme female principle Barbelo as the Holy Spirit.[40]

Meet also [edit]

  • Avatar
  • Baptism with the Holy Spirit
  • Barakah
  • Chaplet of the Holy Spirit and His Seven Gifts
  • Cult of the Holy Spirit
  • Deity
  • Gender of the Holy Spirit
  • God in Abrahamic religions
  • Corking Spirit
  • Intercession of the Spirit
  • Parable of the Leaven
  • Pneumatology

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Some Answered Questions | Bahá'í Reference Library". world wide web.bahai.org . Retrieved Jan 31, 2022.
  2. ^ Espín, Orlando O. (2007). "Holy Spirit". In Espín, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (eds.). An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies. Collegeville: Liturgical Printing. p. 576. ISBN978-0-8146-5856-7.
  3. ^ Dunn, James D. G. (2006). "Towards the Spirit of Christ: The Emergence of the Distinctive Features of Christian Pneumatology". In Welker, Michael (ed.). The Work of the Spirit: Pneumatology and Pentecostalism. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. iii. ISBN978-0-8028-0387-0.
  4. ^ Menzies, William W. and Robert P. "Spirit and Ability." Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2000.
  5. ^ Bultmann 2007, p. 155.
  6. ^ Bultmann 2007, pp. 156–157.
  7. ^ Bultmann 2007, pp. 157.
  8. ^ Konsmo 2010, p. 2.
  9. ^ a b Konsmo 2010, p. 5.
  10. ^ Konsmo 2010, p. half dozen.
  11. ^ Aurelius, Marcus (1964). Meditations . London: Penguin Books. p. 25. ISBN0-14044140-9.
  12. ^  This commodity incorporates text from a publication at present in the public domain:Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Holy Spirit". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  13. ^ Alan Unterman and Rivka Horowitz, Ruah ha-Kodesh, Encyclopaedia Judaica (CD-ROM Edition, Jerusalem: Judaica Multimedia/Keter, 1997).
  14. ^ Gilles Emery (2011). The Trinity: An Introduction to Cosmic Doctrine on the Triune God. Catholic University of America Press. ISBN978-0-8132-1864-ix.
  15. ^ Erickson, Millard J. (1992). Introducing Christian Doctrine. Baker Book Firm. p. 103.
  16. ^ Hammond, T. C. (1968). Wright, David F. (ed.). In Agreement be Men: A Handbook of Christian Doctrine (6th ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 54–56, 128–131.
  17. ^ Grudem, Wayne A. (1994). Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press; K Rapids, MI: Zondervan. p. 226.
  18. ^ a b Bible, Luke 3:22, NIV
  19. ^ Bible, Acts 2:iii, NIV
  20. ^ Bible, Acts ii:1–31
  21. ^ Bible, John 14-16
  22. ^ Williams, Charles (1950). The descent of the Dove : a short history of the Holy Spirit in the church. London: Faber.
  23. ^ Kasemann, Ernst (1960). The Beginnings of Christian Theology [Westward.J. Montague, New Testament Questions of Today] (in German language). 102: Philadelphia: Fortress. ISBN978-1-316-61990-2. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  24. ^ Bible, I Corinthians 13:4-xi, NIV
  25. ^ Wesley, John (2003). The Holy Spirit and ability. Keefauver, Larry., Weakley, Clare G. ([Rev. and updated ed.] ed.). Gainesville, Fla.: Bridge-Logos. p. 107. ISBN088270947X. OCLC 53143450.
  26. ^ Bible Acts 1:viii
  27. ^ Johnson, Bill. When Heaven Invades Earth. Destiny Image, 2005
  28. ^ Fee, Gordon D. (1994). "God'south empowering presence: the Holy Spirit in the letters of Paul." Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson.
  29. ^ Qur'an search: روح القدس. searchtruth.com.
  30. ^ "What Is Meant by the Holy Spirit in the Qur'an?". Islam Awareness. Sheikh Ahmad Kutty. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  31. ^ Griffith, Sidney H. Holy Spirit, Encyclopaedia of the Quran.
  32. ^ Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam, p. 605.
  33. ^ `Abdu'l-Bahá (1981) [1904–06]. "The Holy Spirit". Some Answered Questions. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 108–109. ISBN0-87743-190-6.
  34. ^ Taherzadeh, Adib (1976). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume one: Baghdad 1853–63. Oxford, Uk: George Ronald. p. 10. ISBN0-85398-270-8.
  35. ^ Abdo, Lil (1994). "Female Representations of the Holy Spirit in Baháʼí and Christian writings and their implications for gender roles". Baháʼí Studies Review. 4 (1).
  36. ^ `Abdu'50-Bahá (1981) [1904–06]. "The Trinity". Some Answered Questions. Wilmette, Illinois, The states: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 113–115. ISBN0-87743-190-6.
  37. ^ Camilia Gangasingh MacPherson (1996). A Disquisitional Reading of the Development of Raimon Panikkar's Thought on the Trinity. University Printing of America. pp. 41–32. ISBN978-0-7618-0184-9.
  38. ^ Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen (2010). Holy Spirit and Salvation. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 431. ISBN978-0-664-23136-i.
  39. ^ Mary Boyce (1990). Textual Sources for the Written report of Zoroastrianism. University of Chicago Press. p. 12. ISBN978-0-22606-930-ii.
  40. ^ Marvin Meyer; Willis Barnstone (June 30, 2009). "The Secret Book of John". The Gnostic Bible. Shambhala. Retrieved Oct 15, 2021.

Works cited [edit]

  • Bultmann, Rudolf (2007) [1951]. Theology of the New Testament. Vol. one. Translated past Grobel, Kendrick. Waco: Baylor University Press. § 14. The Spirit: ane. ISBN978-ane-932792-93-5.
  • Konsmo, Erik (2010). The Pauline Metaphors of the Holy Spirit: The Intangible Spirit's Tangible Presence in the Life of the Christian. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN978-ane-4331-0691-0.
  • Marcus Aurelius (1964). Meditations . London: Penguin Books. ISBN0-14044140-9.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Spirit

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